Pakistan's missile program is rapidly evolving, achieving greater accuracy, payload capacity, and range. Both their ballistic and cruise missile programs have benefited from foreign assistance. Moreover, Pakistan is becoming a. Pakistan Islamic Missile System - Introduction to Pakistan Missile Program. America USA Afghanistan Pakistan India Russia China Britain UK Europe Iran Turkey Arabs Middle East Israel Jews Mohammad Muhammad Omar. INDIAN ICBM MISSILE PROGRAM Ashurnasirpal. Subscribe Subscribed Unsubscribe. A History of Iran's Ballistic Missile Program. Iran's ballistic arsenal is one of the largest in the Middle East, and, according to the Director of National Intelligence, many of Iran's missiles are . These developments allow Iran to extend the range of its missiles and to deploy and fire them more quickly. Iran has also worked to ensure survivability of its missiles: they can be mounted on mobile launchers and deployed to newly built silos. Iran's arsenal of liquid- and solid- fueled ballistic missiles has grown steadily. The Shahab- 3 ballistic missile has been deployed for several years. Iran is believed to have fielded several hundred, which have a range of about 1,3. Shahab- 3 with an extended range. Iran has also displayed and successfully tested the solid- fueled Sejil, a two- stage ballistic missile with an estimated range of over 2,0. These missiles could be adapted to carry a nuclear warhead. Iran's rapid growth in missile prowess has led to increased concern about the country's intentions. According to Israeli engineer Uzi Rubin, (see interview with Iran Watch) Iran could be building a fleet of long- range missiles that, armed with conventional warheads, might serve a . A salvo of such conventionally- armed missiles against an Israeli city, for example, could substitute for Iran's skeletal air force. Given that many of Iran's ballistic missiles are inherently capable of carrying nuclear payloads, Iran may also be developing a long- range nuclear weapon delivery system. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is investigating evidence that Iran may have worked on re- designing a missile re- entry vehicle for its Shahab- 3 missile to accommodate a nuclear warhead. This essay traces the history of Iran's missile effort, explains where Iran managed to find foreign help, and reviews efforts to hinder Iran's missile progress. Early Missile Ambitions. Motivated by ongoing hostilities with India, Pakistan embarked upon an intense ballistic missile development program in the early 1980's. Iran's determination to acquire and produce ballistic missiles grew out of its war with Iraq in the 1. Tehran found itself ill- prepared to retaliate against Iraq's missile attacks on Iranian cities. Tehran decided that, for its own protection, it had to achieve self- reliance in missile production. Scud B and Scud CIran's first efforts to achieve this aim focused on the import and production of short- range Scud- type missiles. In 1. 98. 5, the then- head of Iran's Parliament, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, led a high- level delegation to Libya, Syria, North Korea, and China. ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — Pakistan working on an ICBM called Taimur apparently confirmed in Pak media Old. Taimur missile will be Pakistan’s first ICBM in reply to the Indian Agni-V missile. Definitely missile program of Pakistan. As a result of the trip, Iran obtained Scud missiles from Libya and North Korea, and later acquired rocket components and know- how from both North Korea and China. Iran's first batch of Scuds (known as Scud Bs) arrived from Libya in 1. These single- stage, nuclear- capable, Soviet- origin missiles use liquid fuel and can fly about 2. Before long, Iran had depleted its small supply. It then turned to North Korea in hope of finding a new supplier. Tehran offered to help finance Pyongyang's missile program in exchange for technology transfer and an option to buy North Korean missiles as soon as they came off the production line. The first batch of North Korean Scud Bs was delivered in July 1. North Korea's own army. Over the next seven months, Iran imported 9. Defense Department, Iran fired nearly 1. Scuds at Iraq between 1. After the war ended, Tehran continued its missile efforts. By late 1. 99. 0, Tehran had negotiated to buy North Korea's newest missile offering, the Scud C. The liquid- fuel Scud C is longer and wider than the Scud B, which suggests that the fuel tanks were expanded to hold more propellant. It has an estimated range of more than 5. According to press reports, Iran ordered some 2. Scud Bs and Scud Cs from North Korea in 1. Iran also succeeded in test- firing what U. S. State Department official at the time, . In 1. 99. 3, Iranian Minister of Defense Akbar Torkan announced that . The Central Intelligence Agency, in a report on missile proliferation in 2. Iran possessed . According to a threat assessment in 2. U. S. Director of National Intelligence, Iran's inventory of ballistic missiles has grown to be among the largest in the Middle East. Liquid Fuel Technology. Shahab- 3. In July 1. Iran first tested its imported version of North Korea's medium- range No- Dong missile. This single- stage, liquid- fueled, road mobile, nuclear- capable ballistic missile became known as the Shahab- 3 in Iran. According to Iranian officials and U. S. Iran subjected the missile to at least seven test flights, with mixed results, between July 1. July 2. 00. 3, when Iran declared the missile operational and delivered it to the armed forces. After these initial steps, Iran has continued to test variants of the missile. According to Uzi Rubin, Iran tested a longer- range version of the missile, in 2. Variants of the Shahab- 3, including the Ghadr (Qadr), have been tested several times since then. Iran claims that these variants have a greater range (up to 2,0. The Shahab- 3, like the North Korean No- Dong missile from which it is derived, is a scaled- up version of the Scud B and Scud C missiles, and shares the Scud's weaknesses. The Scud B is only accurate to within about a kilometer of its target at a range of 3. Because accuracy diminishes with range for a given guidance system, the accuracy of the Shahab- 3 at a range of 1,3. With such low accuracy, it could not be counted on to hit troops or even an airfield. Iran is believed to have fielded several hundred 1,3. Shahab- 3 missiles. However, according to a 2. U. S. Air Force's National Air and Space Intelligence Center, Iran has fewer than fifty launchers for all variants of the Shahab- 3. BM- 2. 5In November 2. U. S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates announced that North Korea had sold Iran a missile with a range of 2,5. This appeared to confirm earlier press reports that Iran had acquired the BM- 2. Soviet SS- N- 6, which is a single- stage, liquid- fueled, submarine- launched ballistic missile with a range of 2,4. Space Launch Vehicle. In October 2. 00. Russia launched Iran's first satellite, the Sina- 1, on a Russian rocket. From that point, Iran began to pursue the technology needed to launch a satellite into space on its own. February 2. 00. 8 saw the inauguration of an Iranian space center in Semnan Province, marked by the test launch of Iran's Kavoshgar 1 research rocket. Iran's first space launch vehicle, the Safir, failed during an August 2. February, Iran demonstrated how rapidly it was progressing by successfully launching the two- stage Safir space rocket, and placing Iran's first domestically- built satellite, Omid, into low earth orbit. Iran followed with a second successful satellite launch in June 2. Rasad), and a third in February 2. Navid Elm- o Sanat), in both cases using the Safir. After the first launch, U. S. According to Iranian media reports, the Safir is 2. This diameter would be able to accommodate a nuclear warhead, although the rocket has so far carried only satellites weighing between 1. In February 2. 01. Iran unveiled a larger space launch vehicle, called the Simorgh. Iran claims that this carrier could place a 1. And in January 2. Iran inaugurated ten laboratories for testing space structures and complete rocket systems. These facilities reportedly feature testing rigs for rocket sections a thermal test rig for heat shields, and fixtures for aeroelasticity testing; hey will allow Iran to test ballistic missile systems, as well as space launchers. As a result of the launches, and of Iran's expanding missile- relevant infrastructure, international concern over Iran's ballistic missile program has increased exponentially. According to the findings of a joint assessment by U. S. Air Force's National Air and Space Intelligence Center, Iran's space launch vehicle could . The first Mushak, also known as the Iran- 1. By March 1. 98. 8, five Mushak missiles had been fired at Iraq during the War of the Cities. And by August 1. 98. Tehran had test- fired a 1. Mushak and announced that mass production would soon follow. Iran claimed that the Mushak was designed and produced without foreign support, but Chinese assistance was suspected. Iran also possesses the solid- fueled, Chinese- made, 1. CSS 8 (also called the Tondar 6. Fateh 1. 10. Both are short- range, tactical missiles. Iran claims to have successfully flight tested the Fateh 1. September 2. 00. 2. It is reportedly a single- stage missile with at least a 2. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who has served as head of Iran's Parliament and as President of Iran, asserted that Iran itself produced the solid fuel propellant for the missile. In addition, then- Iranian Defense Minister Ali Shamkhani announced in January 2. Iran had commissioned projects to produce the solid fuel ingredients HTPB resin, aluminum powder and potassium chlorite at the Ministry of Defense's Education and Research Institute. The Aerospace Industries Organization, which reportedly manages a number of missile plants, claims to be capable of producing . Iran has reported a number of successful tests of the Fateh 1. An upgraded version of this missile was allegedly delivered to the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Air Force in September 2. And an anti- ship variant of the Fateh 1. Khalij Fars, has also been tested. According to a 2. Congress by the Director of National Intelligence, this missile would allow Iran to threaten military and commercial vessels in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Sejjil. On May 2. Iran successfully tested the Sejjil- 2, a two- stage, solid- fuel, surface- to- surface missile. It appaers to have been successfully tested several times since then. A May 2. 00. 9 joint threat assessment by U. S. The assessment also estimated an overall weight of roughly 2. Sejjil . Iran announced that it test- fired an upgraded version in December 2. According to an Iranian official, this version boasted a shorter launch time. Matine Warhead to Missile.
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